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Sowmya, V.
- ADMM based Hyperspectral Image Classification Improved by Denoising using Legendre Fenchel Transformation
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Affiliations
1 Centre for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore - 641 112, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore - 641 112, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 24 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
This paper discusses about a sparsity based algorithm used for Hyperspectral Image (HSI) classification where the test pixel vectors are sparsely represented as the linear combination of a few number of training samples from a well-organised dictionary matrix. The sparse vector is obtained using Basis Pursuit (BP) which is a constrained l4 minimization problem. This problem is solved by using a simple and powerful iterative algorithm known as Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) which significantly reduces the computational complexity of the problem and thereby speeds up the convergence. The classification accuracy is considerably improved by including efficient preprocessing techniques to remove the unwanted information (noise) present in Hyperspectral images. This paper uses a fast and reliable denoising technique based on Legendre Fenchel Transformation (LFT) to effectively denoise each band of HSI prior to ADMM based classification (proposed method). A comparison of proposed technique with one of the convex optimization tools namely, CVX is given to exhibit the fast convergence of the former method. The experiment is performed on standard Indian Pines dataset captured using AVIRIS sensor. The potential of the proposed method is illustrated by analyzing the classification indices obtained with and without applying any preprocessing methods. With only 10% training set, an overall accuracy of 96.76% is obtained for the proposed method at a much faster rate compared to computation time taken by CVX solver.Keywords
Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers, Basis Pursuit, Classification, Hyperspectral Denoising, Legendre Fenchel Transformation- Sparse Banded Matrix Filter for Image Denoising
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Nagar, Coimbatore – 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita Nagar, Coimbatore – 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 24 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Noise is one of the prime factors which degrade the quality of an image. Hence, image denoising is an essential image enhancement technique in the image processing domain. In this paper, we use low-pass sparse banded filter matrices for image denoising. Sparsity is the key concept in this filter design. We applied the designed low-pass filter both row-wise and column-wise to denoise the image. The proposed method is experimented on standard test images corrupted with different types of noises namely Gaussian, White Gaussian, Salt & Pepper and Speckle with noise level equals to 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1. The effectiveness of the proposed method of denoising is evaluated by the computation of standard quality metric known as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). The experimental result analysis shows that the proposed image denoising technique based on sparse banded filter matrices results in significant improvement in PSNR around 2dB to 8dB for different type of noises with noise level equal to 0.1 and is also aided by the visual analysis.Keywords
Image Denoising, Low-pass Filter, Noise, Sparse Banded Filter- Improvement in Kernel based Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Legendre Fenchel Denoising
Abstract Views :186 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore- 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore- 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 33 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Hyperspectral images have bulk of information which are widely used in the field of remote sensing. One of the main problems faced by these images is noise. This emphasizes the importance of denoising techniques for enhancing the image quality. In this paper, Legendre Fenchel Transformation (LFT) is used for preprocessing the Indian Pines Dataset. LFT reduces the noise of each band of the hyperspectral image without affecting the edge information. Signal to noise ratio is computed which helps to evaluate the performance of denoising. Further, the denoised image is classified using GURLS and LibSVM and the various accuracies are estimated. The experimental analysis shows that the overall and classwise accuracies are more for the preprocessed data classification when compared to the classification without preprocessing. The classification accuracy is improved with denoising of hyperspectral image.Keywords
Classification, Denoising, GURLS, Hyperspectral Image, Kernel Methods, Legendre Fenchel, LibSVM- Least Square based Signal Denoising and Deconvolution using Wavelet Filters
Abstract Views :181 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore - 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore - 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 33 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Noise, the unwanted information in a signal reduces the quality of signal. Hence to improve the signal quality, denoising is done. The main aim of the proposed method in this paper is to deconvolve and denoise a noisy signal by least square approach using wavelet filters. In this paper, least square approach given by Selesnick is modified by using different wavelet filters in place of second order sparse matrix applied for deconvolution and smoothing. The wavelet filters used in the proposed approach for denoising are Haar, Daubechies, Symlet, Coiflet, Biorthogonal and Reverse biorthogonal. The result of the proposed experiment is validated in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Analysis of the experiment results notify that proposed denoising based on least square using wavelet filters are comparable to the performances given by deconvolution and smoothing using the existing second order filter.Keywords
Least Square, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal Denoising, Wavelet Filters- Regularized Least Square Approach for Remote Sensing Image Denoising using Wavelet Filters
Abstract Views :179 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore - 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore - 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 45 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Noise in remote sensing images (aerial and satellite) is caused due to various reasons such as atmospheric interference or lack of quality in sensors used to capture them. Removal of noise in an efficient way is a big challenge for researchers. In this paper, one dimensional signal denoising based on weighted regularized least square method is mapped to two dimensional image de noising. Objectives: This paper introduces a novel image denoising technique based on least square weighted regularization. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed technique for image denoising based on Least Square (LS) approach is experimented on five different satellite and aerial images corrupted by gaussian noise with varying noise levels and regularization parameter lambda (λ) for different wavelet filter coefficients such as ‘haar’, ‘symlet’, ‘daubechies’ and coiflet. The effectiveness of the proposed method of image denoising is compared against the existing second order filter [based on LS] and conventional wavelet based image denoising technique based on the standard metric called Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Findings: From the experimental result analysis obtained it is inferred that the wavelet filters outperforms the second order filter and the conventional wavelet based image denoising. The complexity of the mathematics is low in our proposed method for image denoising. Applications/Improvements: The proposed denoising technique can be adopted as a faster pre-processing step in most of the image processing applications.Keywords
Gaussian Noise, Image Denoising, Least Square, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Wavelet Filter Coefficients.- Least Square based Image Denoising using Wavelet Filters
Abstract Views :188 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641112, IN
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu - 641112, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 30 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Background/Objectives: Noise in a digital image, is unwanted information that degrades the quality of an image. The main aim of the proposed method is to denoise a noisy image based on least square approach using wavelet filters. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: One dimensional least square approach proposed by Selesnick is extended to two dimensional image denoising. In our proposed technique of least square problem formulation for image denoising, the matrix constructed using second order filter coefficients is replaced by wavelet filter coefficients. Findings: The method is experimented on standard digital images namely Lena, Cameraman, Barbara, Peppers and House. The images are subjected to different noise types such as Gaussian, Salt and Pepper and Speckle with varying noise level ranging from 0.01db to 0.5db. The wavelet filters used in the proposed approach of denoising are Haar, Daubechies, Symlet, Coiflet, Biorthogonal and Reverse biorthogonal. The outcome of the experiment is evaluated in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The analysis of the experiment results reveals that performance of the proposed method of least square based image denoising by wavelet filters are comparable to denoising using existing second order sparse matrix. Applications/Improvements: Digital images are often prone to noise; hence, proceeding with further processing of such an image requires denoising. This work can be extended in future to m-band wavelet filters.Keywords
Image Denoising, Least Square, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Wavelet Filters.- Aerial and Satellite Image Denoising using Least Square Weighted Regularization Method
Abstract Views :178 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore - 641 112, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Computational Engineering and Networking (CEN), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Coimbatore - 641 112, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9, No 30 (2016), Pagination:Abstract
Remotely sensed images are subjected to various types of noises. Noise interrupts the image information; hence noise removal is one of the important pre-processing steps in every image processing applications. Since both noise and edges contain highintensity values, image denoising leads to smoothening of the edges thereby reducing the visual quality of the image. Hence, edge preserved image denoising is an ever-relevant topic. Over decades, several image denoising techniques were developed. Most of the denoising algorithms are very complex and time consuming. Background/Objectives: This paper introduces a novel image denoising technique based on least square weighted regularization. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The onedimensional signal denoising introduced by14 is mapped into two-dimensional image denoising. The proposed method is experimented on a set of colored aerial and satellite images. The column-wise denoising of the image is performed first, followed by row-wise denoising. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated based on the standard quality metric peak signal-to-noise ratio and computational time. Findings: From the experimental results, it is observed that the proposed method outperforms the earlier denoising methods on the basis of time and complexity. Applications/Improvements: The proposed denoising technique can be adopted as a faster pre-processing step in most of the image processing applications.Keywords
Least Square, Legendre-Fenchel, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Total Variation, Wavelet.- Delivery of Trypsin in to Cells using Nanoparticle
Abstract Views :172 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Shri Andal Alagar College of Engineering, Mamandur 603 111, IN
1 Department of Biotechnology, Shri Andal Alagar College of Engineering, Mamandur 603 111, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 3, No 4 (2013), Pagination: 165-169Abstract
Nanoparticles are found to be useful as carrier for gene delivery. In the present study, the most biocompatible-Gold nanoparticles were used for carrying serine protease. i.e. Trypsin. It is sensitive to the protease inhibitors present inside the cells and these proteases on binding with gold nanoparticle, loses its stability but retain its activity. The Gold Nanoparticle along with the protease was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM and FTIR. The interaction was confirmed between Trypsin and Gold Nanoparticles and its size was found between 20-28nm. Further, the activity of Trypsin bound to Nanoparticles and the ability of AuNP's as carrier were analyzed by invitro studies on E.coli HB101. Trypsin's activity on intracellular protein and specifically on ALPase enzyme showed a 25-29% decrease in protein content which directs that Trypsin bound to Nanoparticles has found to be active within the cell. These results suggest that, such proteolytic enzyme can be designed with nanoparticle to lyse the defective proteins produced by the cells due to genetic disorder.Keywords
Gold Nanoparticles, Trypsin, Alkaline Phosphatase, Protein.- Performance Enhancement of Minimum Volume based Hyper Spectral Unmixing Algorithms by Variational Mode Decomposition
Abstract Views :159 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Center for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore - 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Center for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore - 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 24 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Hyper spectral unmixing of data has become an indispensable technique in remote sensing zone. Spectral Unmixing is defined as the source separation of a mixed pixel. The fundamental sources are termed as endmembers and percentage of the source content is known as abundances. This paper demonstrates the effect of Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) on hyper spectral unmixing algorithms based on geometrical minimum volume approaches. The proposed method is experimented on standard hyper spectral dataset namely, cuprite. The effectiveness of the proposed method is subjected to evaluation, based on the standard quality metric namely, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The experimental result analysis shows that, the proposed technique enhance the performance of hyper spectral unmixing algorithms based on the geometrical minimum volume based approaches.Keywords
Endmember Signature, Hyperspectral Imaging (HI), Hyperspectral Unmixing (HU), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD).- Multispectral and Panchromatic Image Fusion using Empirical Wavelet Transform
Abstract Views :149 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Centre for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Coimbatore – 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
1 Centre for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Coimbatore – 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 24 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Pan sharpening is the process of fusion of panchromatic and multispectral image to obtain an output image of high spatial and spectral resolution. It is very important for various remote sensing applications such as image segmentation studies, image classification, temporal change detection etc. The present work demonstrates the application of Empirical Wavelet Transform for the fusion of panchromatic image and multispectral image by simple average fusion rule. The Proposed method is experimented on panchromatic and multispectral images captured by high resolution earth observation satellites such as GeoEye-1, QuickBird, WorldView-2 and World View-3. The effectiveness of our proposed method is evaluated by visual perception and quantitative assessment measures. The experimental analysis shows that the proposed method performs comparable to the existing fusion algorithms such as Multi-resolution Singular Value Decomposition and Discrete Wavelet Transform.Keywords
Discrete Wavelet Transform, Empirical Wavelet Transform, Image Fusion, Multi-resolution Singular Value Decomposition, Pan Sharpening, Quality Metrics.- GURLS vs LIBSVM: Performance Comparison of Kernel Methods for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Abstract Views :140 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Center for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore - 641001, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Center for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore - 641001, IN
1 Center for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore - 641001, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Center for Excellence in Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore - 641001, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 24 (2015), Pagination:Abstract
Kernel based methods have emerged as one of the most promising techniques for Hyper Spectral Image classification and has attracted extensive research efforts in recent years. This paper introduces a new kernel based framework for Hyper Spectral Image (HSI) classification using Grand Unified Regularized Least Squares (GURLS) library. The proposed work compares the performance of different kernel methods available in GURLS package with the library for Support Vector Machines namely, LIBSVM. The assessment is based on HSI classification accuracy measures and computation time. The experiment is performed on two standard Hyper Spectral datasets namely, Salinas A and Indian Pines subset captured by AVIRIS (Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) sensor. From the analysis, it is observed that GURLS library is competitive to LIBSVM in terms of its prediction accuracy whereas computation time seems to favor LIBSVM. The major advantage of GURLS toolbox over LIBSVM is its simplicity, ease of use, automatic parameter selection and fast training and tuning of multi-class classifier. Moreover, GURLS package is provided with an implementation of Random Kitchen Sink algorithm, which can easily handle high dimensional Hyper Spectral Images at much lower computational cost than LIBSVM.Keywords
Classification, GURLS, Hyper Spectral Image, Kernel Methods, LIBSVM- Method Development and Validation for the estimation of Amlodipine and Perindopril in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Abstract Views :282 |
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Authors
M. Venkata Ramana
1,
V. Sowmya
1,
K. Sangeetha
1,
K. Nagapreethi
1,
M. Mounika
1,
S. Divya
1,
A. Kanakalaxmi
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Analysis and QA, Surabhi Dayakar Rao College of Pharmacy, Rimmanaguda, Gajwel, Telangana,, IN
1 Department of Analysis and QA, Surabhi Dayakar Rao College of Pharmacy, Rimmanaguda, Gajwel, Telangana,, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 14, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 289-292Abstract
Literature survey reveals that few spectrophotometric, high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)and High performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC)methods were reported for the estimation of Amlodipine and perindopril in bulk and combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. But there is no any stability indicating high performance liquid chromatography study is reported for amlodipine. So the present study was aimed to development of simple, accurate, rapid and economical HPLC stability indicating assay method were established for the determination of Amlodipine and Peridopril in bulk and tablet dosage form. A High-performance liquid chromatograph WATERS, software: Empower 2,2695 separation module, 996 PDA detector, using Phenomenex Luna C18 (4.6mm×250mm) 5µm or equivalent column, with mobile phase composition of Methanol: Phosphate Buffer pH3.0 (70:30v/v) was used. The flow rate of 1.0ml min-1 and effluent was detected at 230nm. The retention time of Amlodipine and Perindopril was found to be 1.870min and 2.499minutes respectively. Linearity was observed over concentration range of 10-50µg ml-1 for Amlodipine and 16-80µg ml-1 for Perindopril respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was determined by recovery studies and the Amlodipine was found to be 99.1% and Perindopril was found to be 98.8% respectively. The proposed method is applicable to routine analysis of Amlodipine and Perindopril in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method was validated for various ICH parameters like linearity, limit of detection, limits of quantification, accuracy, precision, range and specificity.Keywords
Amlodipine, Perindopril, Angina, Anti - hypertensive agent, Validation.References
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